熟词僻义 Panel | 组套检查1

先了解一下这个词的背景。 Panel 出现在化验单或与临床检验相关的语境中时，已不可生硬地按字典译出。实际上查询字典有害无益，只会将人带入歧途。因为字典中根本就未收入此词在这一语境下的涵义。 看一下 panel 相关的英文语境。 What are chemistry panels? Chemistry panels are groups of tests that are routinely ordered to determine a person’s general health status. They help evaluate, for example, the body’s electrolyte balance and/or the status of several major body organs. The tests are performed on a blood sample, usually drawn from a vein. Some of the number and type of tests contained in specific panels, and the names of the panels, have been standardized nationally. Examples of common chemistry panels include: Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) – usually contains 8 tests, all of which are found in the CMP. It provides information about the current health of your kidneys and respiratory system as well as electrolyte and acid/base balance and level of blood glucose Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) – usually includes 14 tests. It provides the same information as the BMP with the addition of the health of your liver and important blood proteins Electrolyte Panel – helpful for detecting a problem with the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance Lipid Panel – used to assess a person’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease Liver Panel (also called Hepatic Function Panel) – used to screen for, detect, evaluate, and monitor acute and chronic liver inflammation (hepatitis), liver disease and/or damage Renal Panel (also called Kidney Function Panel) – contains tests such as albumin, creatinine, BUN, eGFR to evaluate kidney function Thyroid Function Panel – to help evaluate thyroid gland function and to help diagnose thyroid disorders While most laboratories offer the same set of CMP and BMP tests, some of these other panels may be tailored to meet the needs of the health practitioner ordering the tests. (If a laboratory changes the tests in a CMP or BMP, it will usually also change the name of the panel to avoid confusion.) For a list of the tests included in each of these panels and more information, such as when they may be ordered, click on the name of the panel above to go to its full article. The purpose of an electrolyte panel is to measure the amount of sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate in the blood. These are all minerals known as electrolytes. Measuring these electrolytes enables a calculation of the anion gap. Electrolytes help regulate nerve and muscle function, maintain a balance of acidity and alkalinity in the blood, and control the blood’s water content. Tests of electrolyte levels can be used for diagnosing and monitoring different health conditions. The anion gap demonstrates electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. What does the test measure? The electrolyte panel measures sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate blood levels. Sodium: This positively-charged electrolyte plays a vital role in regulating the amount of fluid in the body. It also facilitates normal nerve and muscle activity. Potassium: This is positively charged and important for many functions of cells, muscles, and nerves. Chloride: Negatively charged, this works with other electrolytes to control fluid levels and the acid-base balance in the body. Bicarbonate: This is a negatively-charged electrolyte. In addition to helping to regulate acid-base balance, bicarbonate transports carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. Bicarbonate levels may also be referred to as CO2 levels. The anion gap is not a test itself; instead, it is a mathematical calculation based on electrolyte measurements. It compares the levels of positively and negatively charged electrolytes, which can provide information about the body’s acid-base balance. Panel 在有些地方被译为“面板”，让人不明所以。结合一下语境和专业背景知识，可以推测出这里指的是化验中的组套检查，或者称为“组合项目”、“检查套餐”。通常由负责检验的实验室根据临床医生的需要配置，这样方便医生开检查申请单，提高开单效率。 化学组套是一组常规检查，用于确定一个人的一般健康状况。它们有助于评估身体的电解质平衡和/或几个重要的体内器官的状况。这些检查是通过一份血液样本进行的，通常是从一个静脉抽取的。 特定组套中包含的检查数量和类型以及组套的名称已在全国范围内标准化。常见的化学组套示例包括： 基本代谢组套（BMP） - 通常包含8项检查，其中所有检查都包括在CMP中。它提供有关肾脏和呼吸系统的当前健康状况以及电解质和酸碱平衡以及血糖水平的信息。 综合代谢组套（CMP） - 通常包含14项检查。它提供了与BMP相同的信息，还包括肝脏健康和重要的血液蛋白质的信息。 电解质组套 - 有助于检测体内液体和电解质平衡的问题。 脂质组套 - 用于评估一个人患心血管疾病的风险。 肝脏组套（也称为肝功能组套） - 用于筛查、检测、评估和监测急性和慢性肝炎、肝病和/或损伤。 肾脏组套（也称为肾功能组套） - 包括白蛋白、肌酐、尿素氮、eGFR等检查，以评估肾功能。 甲状腺功能组套 - 有助于评估甲状腺功能并帮助诊断甲状腺疾病。 尽管大多数实验室提供相同的CMP和BMP检查，但其中一些其他组套可能会根据医生的需求进行定制。 电解质组套的目的是测量血液中的钠、钾、氯和碳酸氢盐的量。这些都是被称为电解质的矿物质。测量这些电解质可以计算阴离子间隙。 由于电解质影响众多身体过程，电解质组套可以帮助医生确定这些矿物质的异常水平是否导致症状。 重复测量电解质可以显示治疗是否解决了异常的电解质水平。此外，电解质组套还可以帮助检测药物的副作用。 电解质组套测量的是血液中的钠、钾、氯和碳酸氢盐水平。 钠：这是带电的阳离子电解质，在调节体内液体量和促进正常神经和肌肉活动方面发挥关键作用。 钾：这是带电的阳离子，对细胞、肌肉和神经的许多功能都很重要。 氯：这是带电的阴离子，它与其他电解质一起控制体内液体水平和酸碱平衡。 碳酸氢盐：这是带电的阴离子电解质。除了帮助调节酸碱平衡外，碳酸氢盐还将二氧化碳（CO2）运输到血液中。 阴离子间隙不是一项独立的检查，而是基于电解质测量的数学计算。它比较了带电的阳离子和带电的阴离子的水平，这可以提供有关体内酸碱平衡的信息。